Analysis of Flaw Detection Defects and Optimization of Precision Forging Process for Titanium Rings and Titanium Alloy Forgings

1、 Characteristics and technical advantages of precision forging process
The production of titanium and titanium alloy bars using precision forging machines has the following significant characteristics:
(1). High frequency forging: The hammer frequency reaches hundreds to thousands of times per minute, reducing the friction coefficient and ensuring a smooth surface and uniform internal structure of the forging.  
(2). Small deformation design: Small deformation and contact area per stroke, reducing deformation force, lowering equipment tonnage requirements, and extending tool life.   
(3). Dynamic process adjustment: The hammer stroke can be adjusted to adapt to the production of different sizes of forging rods, without the need for frequent mold replacement.  
(4). High dimensional accuracy: Four hammer synchronous constant stroke forging ensures product dimensional consistency.  
(5). Isothermal forging control: Compensate for temperature drop by adjusting the feeding amount to maintain stable deformation temperature.
(6). Axial extension guidance: The arc-shaped groove hammer head design suppresses circumferential stress and avoids the formation of edges and cracks.
(7). Three directional compressive stress strengthening: Improve metal plasticity (pure titanium forging ratio 6:1, alloy 4:1) and promote densification.
(8). Thermal effect management: High reduction may lead to excessive temperature rise (such as TC11 alloy reaching 90 ℃), and it is necessary to prevent grain coarsening.   

2、 Causes and Prevention Measures of Flaw Detection Defects
(1). Common types of defects
Internal cracks: Local stress concentration is often caused by uneven deformation or improper temperature control.   
Pores/inclusions: Insufficient purity of raw materials or residual oxidation inclusions during forging process.  
(2). Direction of process optimization
Parameter refinement: Control the amount of pass reduction, forging frequency, balance thermal effects and microstructure refinement.  
Material pretreatment: Strengthen the inspection and surface treatment of raw materials to reduce original defects.
Equipment maintenance: Regularly calibrate the hammer head to neutral to avoid defects caused by unbalanced load.   

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